Introduction
"For Cambodia to the warrior, inventor and builder of Angkor Wat. Specifically, a Cambodian, a descendant of a people that produces architectural masterpieces of the Angkor period, which rival the achievements of the ancient civilizations."
Dr. Seanglim bit.
Cambodia was a "arsenal of political unrest as the" through national, regional and international perspectives. Almost 100 years FrenchProtectorate, American bombing raids Pol Pot regime, followed by a Vietnamese invasion, forever caught between two powerful neighbors, and internal conflicts among the leaders, all contributed to the tragedy of Cambodia on the recent past decades.
A real Cambodia has just emerged as the outcome of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) that organized the general elections of May 1993 (Senate, 2003, p. 2). A constituent assembly was thenopened on 14 June 1993 under the highest of His Majesty King Sihanouk presided Rorodom (Senate, 2003, p. 2). But does that now Cambodia, the island of peace? Domestic violence or violence in the family is today one of the strongest critics of Cambodia's development. During Domestic Violence Awareness Day on 17 December 1996 the world has recognized that domestic violence is a serious problem. Other barriers to in CambodiaDevelopment are well documented and are on this short essay.
Resurgent Cambodia must now be submitted on the rebound of the challenge:) domestic violence (violence in the family. What is domestic violence mean? Why does it prevail in the Cambodian families? What are the consequences? If there were no measures to fight? And if so, what action should be? Those who are entitled to apply in the removal process? Women are almost always theappeared aggregated victims of domestic violence, but there were also cases that people are the victims of violence perpetrated by their wives. For a better understanding of domestic violence in Cambodia is rampant in the Cambodian findings seen.
What does this mean?
Violence is in Khmer (Cambodian translated) language as "Hoengsa." Violence is as aggression, bullying, bad treatment or abuse (Dr. Sokhom, 1999, defines p. 7).The family is "Krousar" in the Cambodian language. The concept of family is Buddhist context, when a group of family members, including parents and children defined in the Cambodian context, refers to violence (domestic violence in the family) to all physical, emotional, sexual and economic aggressive and violent acts a member of a family committed to another member with the aim of increasing their power over the victim. It also refers to self-defense against acts of aggression by otherFamily members (Dr. Sokhom, 1999, p. 8). In the Cambodian language, the word "family" of the nuclear and extended family. Although other cultures can be slightly different meanings for the term embrace of "family".
So far, include acts of violence in Cambodia: curses, insults, beatings with arms or legs, spreading acid, scratching with a razor blade, hacking with large knives or axes, longitudinal grooves, clubbing with wooden sticks, stabbing, shooting with pistols, clubbing with metalRods or chains, throwing dishes and sickle, burning oil or gasoline hacking, hunting, grenade attacks, poisoning, rape, bondage, typing columns, beating and tying on the head and struck his head against the tile, the sale of their own children threats to run away, to choke, pulls of glass, pulling and pushing out of the house. Whereas in cases of suicide among different types of swallowing drugs and hanging (Dr. Sokhom, 1999, p. 9).
Domestic violence oftenoccurs between two parties (man and woman) or three parties (husband's first wife, and step-wife) and between other members of the family and themselves from violence (suicide) (Dr. Sokhom, 1999, p. 44).
69 percent of adolescents than physical abuse, domestic violence be considered. 21 percent and threatening harassment, 12 percent said mental exploitation and destruction of classified 8 percent of home property, domestic violence -1.
WhyExistence?
Probably no country in the world that the forms of governance changes too fast like Cambodia. With a long and unique history of its own, we can not consider analysis of the causes of domestic violence in the last thousand years. This would derail, or prolong the overall context of the essay. Thus, recent history would be satisfactory enough.
Princess Sisowat Santa, a member of the Committee on Social Affairs, Work and Health of Women and declarescommented: "We can not concentrate on one-sided violence, this will not solve the problem, because Cambodia is a series of changes are seen in the first general elections organized by UNTAC. This election has brought the political attitudes that society itself so that some of the cultural integration of all countries has us confused at the time that we have not yet confident of us. Another thing is brought about rapid economic absorption, the difficulties of prevention. This economicAbsorption has a negative modernized the people that they do not know what they and what belongs to other countries so that they always yearn for more and more. These are conflicts, jealousies, has ... .. ...
Before the election in 1993 our country was isolated, and after the election, we have an internationally recognized us and was a member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and recently we became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). She added that, PolPot regime destroyed the whole of society, brothers and sisters, children, so we are new and weak to accept the new culture in today's world. These developments are barriers for all people, especially women and children that they have become the direct targets of domestic violence. Khlot Dr. Thida foundation of ethics in their world, claimed two points is the one that after the war, the People lose dramatically more common decency, and the second is that other areas can be quickly solved, butthe fields of philosophy and knowledge are extremely convoluted recover himself. Moreover, in Cambodian Culture Since 1970, the authors proved that the language does not change during the course of the revolution, either deliberately or through a process of evolution of reforms, but it remains to some extent the same language (Ebihara, Mortland & Ledgerwood , 1994, p. 106).
The catastrophic events of the 1970s are Cambodia, was once a "soft land of smiling people in the arena for the transformedterrifying images and events produced at any time during the second half of this century (Dr. Bit, 1991, p. xiii). During the course of the war, millions of people, especially the intellectuals lost, displaced and destroyed migrated abroad, great cultural heritage, mentality of people are gigantic traumatized by gently and lovingly compassionate to violent and impulsive. Most remarkably, has the power to come to understand that they came from the barrel of the weapon, theThe leaders were determined to stop. Governments have never been "government by discussion", but "the government through the law of the jungle". That is the bad example for the people and future generations.
After conducting a descriptive study examining the nature of domestic violence, a first report entitled, "Plates in a basket Rattle, Domestic violence in Cambodia", published by a non-governmental organization called the Project againstDomestic Violence (PADV). The study shows that domestic violence in Cambodia is very serious, and that search for the victims of violence between men and women rarely get help and relief. Although most members of society from religious morality and law are aware, some still commit intentional injuries or insults. Swearing, libel or personal injury caused to other people are considered criminal offenses. In contrast, domestic violence, menAbuse of women, women abuse men who are beating the parents or children considered swearing than normal, within the family life and the Committer impunity in Cambodia (Dr Sokhom, 1999, p. 9).
Representation of domestic violence in Cambodian newspapers have also been reports that were unclear under the 183 cases, 90 cases mentioned above interventions 62 cases no action, and 31 cases. In addition, local authorities intervened rare that only one case, for allof the cases (Dr. Sokhom, 1999, p. 30). Interventions by police, neighbors, relatives, authorities and communities are designed to be interference in the internal affairs of families. An opera, entitled "The returned Atmosphere (Chumnau Vilvign in Khmer)" by Radio 102MHZ Women Media Center of Cambodia, shows that victims sometimes summarize the conventions because they have attitudes that "every family has a rule domestic violence and remind metaphorPlates in a Basket will Rattle. Culture of impunity has increased the number of domestic violence in Cambodia.
Much of the Cambodian literature built Cambodian women widespread, tolerated without preconditions with domestic violence perpetrated by their husbands. To preserve the qualities of the virtuous Khmerness to Cambodian women need to know not only how you keep order in a budget, how to take care to wash delicious food and clothes to look after their babies and cookOther household drudgery, but they must silently obey their husbands. ) In the story "virtuous woman (in Khmer Srey Kroup Leakkh be" the activities of the virtuous woman was apparently Khmer. The virtuous woman (Srey Kroup Leakkh) in history always obey her husband without saying a word, even to the point of discharge from the boat, with another new man united by her husband, 2nd
Dr. Seanglim said similar things in the Cambodian families of the men (men) are alwaysthe heads of the families with established rights over family matters. Women are expected to be loyal to the authorities and submit to their husbands. There is almost no history that presents the female character of the revolutionary and visionary that I think would be a good role model for Cambodian women. Due to the unlimited authority of the man, the woman (wife) is sometimes viewed as a comfort woman (a euphemism for sex slave) by her husband. These traditions also sure the heavierNumber of domestic violence.
The lack of domestic violation law is also one of the most effective ways to domestic violence. In Cambodia, this is a cruel performance is not as "an insult" defined in the Act is usually planned legal and morally acceptable. Most of the committers to keep their violence against their wives, children and other family members, "not only legal but also morally. Although somePeople know that domestic violence is a crime, they can not commit yet, that there, because they know not seriously punished. Descartes said that he loves the compassionate educated, but he feared that not practice the training on their knowledge.
Your Excellency, Keo Sovannroth, Representative Sam Ransy Sisowat Santa and Princess Party, a member of the Committee on Labor and Social Affairs, Women and Health, also argued that the lack of educationpoverty and do not contribute to domestic violence. On the similar title, Dr. Seanglim wrote in his book, The Warrior Heritage: "It is the poor who have no voice, little understanding of the ego-related questions. You pay the cost of the failure proved with their blood and their suffering (Dr. Bit, 1991, p. xi). Your Excellency, Keo Sovannroth that people would be lost ethics, which is due to poverty. Most of the time in Cambodia, lack of education for the poor or the added lifebelow the poverty line. Poverty has a negative attack on the mentality of these people, hopelessness, emptiness, stress, impulsivity, naivete, etc. These emotions would be the poorer, less educated people, domestic violence is one of the ways to cope with their predicaments glance.
Women locally and internationally, the same rights to men in every situation. Universal Declaration of Human Rights the right to enjoy women's right to equal rights (chapter 7), right to life andpersonal security (Chapter 3), the right to escape from torture (see Chapter 5), right to liberty (Chapter 9), the right to free speech and self-expression (chapter 19), right to a dignified life (Chapter 25). .. But so can imagine! As the women could enjoy their rights while they are uneducated and hungry?
1 - Justification for Violence
Drunkenness 21
26 dispute
Adultery (men) 12
Adultery (wife) 3
Jealousy 10
Anger 18
Debt 18
Mother's contracts 1
6 divisions
Gambling 3
Scolding 9
Battery 6
Other 31
For unknown reasons, 17
Source: Dr. Hean Sokhom (1999). Representation of domestic violence in Cambodian newspapers. JSRC Printing House, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Appendix A, page 50 An examination of the newspapers, the Project against domestic violence (PAVD) collected in the years 1996-1997.
The impact onChildren
Not just on children, domestic violence has serious consequences for many groups of people, and the process of social development. But for the scope of this essay, I take only one group of people, I believe, are the worst victims.
In the Cambodian view, family-value is high, as I said in the introduction to sociology, has family, most of us with love and affection (Coser. LA, S. Nock and others, 1987, p. 324). Dr. bits, also hasa similar sense, it is the structure of the family that provides the basic social organization in society, and in rural areas, the economic entity is. The bonds between family members are closely knit and include lifelong rights and obligations. In contrast, negative psychological, are emotional, health, and economic effects probably also experienced by children living in an environment of domestic violence will be -3.
Painted with their innocent minds, they can notto distinguish what is right and what is wrong. Psycho-clinical, children from the age of zero until the age of twelve or thirteen years of age are most susceptible, they would see their current family circumstances, "as the way of life. In the 183 newspaper articles were of domestic violence, 79 have seen some cases, to avoid negative effects on children, while the remaining 104 cases not to mention a clear impact or consequences (Dr. Sokhom, 1999, p. 30). Domestic violence couldmake the children become orphans because of the divorce of their parents. Culturally, in Cambodia, a mother and father make a solid pillar in the family to the children, but could imagine how the talented orphans bamboo shoots when they are frail from the beginning. Plato said that the beginning is the most important part of the work. The orphans call will be 31), as a rule forever tarnished (Dr. Sokhom, 1999, pp.
Conclusion
By an oasis of peace and Prosperity in the war-torn Indochina in the 1960s to an island to the bloodshed, Cambodia more effort than in other countries have regional and global. Domestic violence is not seen as a severe obstacle to development in Cambodia, but insightful study of the question, has shown that it's true. To effectively counter the problem, the government needs and other development agencies thoroughly aware of the roots of violence in the family first.
> Domestic violence is somehow instinctive behavior of the uninformed man was, and if it is not all measures, they still misunderstand them as a routine line families. Lee Kuan Yew, said that a solid value if it could be rooted in early life later influences and resist against stress. Roman Catholic priests when they entrusted with a child for the first 12 years of his life, is this, make sure the child would remain Catholic for life. Ideology of gender equality and> Hate violence remain entrenched as the earliest as possible to the lives of children to work so that the liberalism in their thinking in their remaining life. Lack of education is also one of the contributions to domestic violence. It is very common for adult women Khmer saying that they have been incorporated into the school because their parents feared that if she bent to read and write, they would letter to boys (Ebihara, Mortland & Ledgerwood, Profile 1994, p. 125). Such a barbaricPresentation should be completely eliminated. (Lanqueur and Bubin 1989). Not only about childhood education, poverty, lack of adults' education, forced marriages, non-existence of domestic violence legislation, and some other causes for the violence must be so well fixed in order to reduce the rising number of domestic violence.
A Chinese proverb says: "The sparrows, although small has all five institutions. A poor, uneducated woman, but underestimated, theyhas the desires, temptation, the instinctive dignity and irreplaceable as the others, who see potential. The only difference is that poor, uneducated woman has no way to express themselves.
"Abraham Lincoln said that our nation could exist half slave and half free. We know that a peaceful world can not exist for long third rich and two-thirds hungry."
Lanqueur and Bubin 1989th
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